"Das Herdersche in Herder ist in Riga gewachsen" [Herderiskais Herders ir izaudzis Rīgā].
Kurt Stavenhagen. Herder in Riga. Riga: G. Löffler, 1925, S.13.
"Mighty
King of the Spirits, rich in Grace,
Known
for "mischief", that can enchant you;
You
love to ring the Latvian poetry clock.
Divine
voices are heard - heard at the ends of the world."
Translated from: Auseklis.
To Herder. Ozolu
vaiņaki.
Collected works by Auseklis. Riga: Gulbis
[b.g.],
p.245
"But
even more excitement for the younger generation was in Herder’s
imaginative and enthusiastic writings and his persona. For Goethe,
meeting Herder in Strasbourg was, as he himself acknowledged, the
most important event that determined the trajectory of his spirit and
character. Herder was only five years older than Goethe, but
experienced and self-reflective, with wide and new views on poetry,
art, history, philosophy. Herder opened with his writings an
understanding of true poetry, showing that poetry is not only the
property and accessory of the so-called educated classes, but of all
and every nation and nationality; that its source is in the views and
feelings of the people, and that true poetry is natural and full of
character; he glorified natural folk songs in contrast to art poetry
(..) nature is superior to art, primordial to unnatural! (Urnatur
wider Unnatur),
same: "retourner à la nature" as in 1793, only a quiet
sidewalk. "wider Unnatur), same: "retourner à la nature"
as in 1793, only a silent ripple. "
Translated from: Rainis.
From Goethe for new days. Literary review. Collected papers. Volume
18, Riga: Zinātne, 1982, 274.
"...
Latvians also have to mark this noble spirit rich in ideas, who, with
a deeper understanding of poetry than his predecessors, has
contributed to the development of literature worldwide, especially,
of course, in his fatherland Germany, and as a result has found our
partially strewn creek."
Translated from: Ludis Bērziņš. Greznas dziesmas. Riga: Zinātne, 2007, 89.lpp.
"Bille
cries (..) She can get to the fence of Herder's monument. At least
there is a place to grip at and support her head. A pair of barely
lit school windows illuminated by a single lamp are seen from across
(..) Bille has to deal with it herself. She takes a deep breath,
tries to compose herself and when ready lifts her eyes. Herder looks
at her. Again, the boys turned the broken head upside down.
"You
are not doing well eiter, old man," Bille sighs. There are a few
short gasps, and she can finally release her grip on the cold grid.
If only her legs were not so terribly painful."
Translated from: Vizma
Belshevica. Billes
skaistā jaunība.
Riga: Jumava, 1999, p. [episode from study time at the 2nd Riga
Polygraphy Vocational School, 1946-1948].
Recepction
1903:
Alexander von Freytag-Loringhoven. Herder
in Riga: Festspiel in einem Aufzuge zu Herders 100jährigen
Todestage
[Paly. "Herder in Riga: Festive performance in One Act for the
100th Anniversary of the Death of Herder" - stamped copy,
transcript. National Library of Latvia RXA 422, 25].
1904:
K.Walter. Herders Wirken und Wachsen in Riga. Baltische
Monatschrift,
No. 57, S.28-49. [extensive publication dedicated to Herder's work in
Riga]
1909:
Georg Berkholz. Festvortrag
bei Enthüllung des Herder-Denkmals, Geschichte des Wortes
"baltisch". Riga:
Jonck&Poliewsky.
1917:
Arend Buchholtz. [Herder in Riga]. Ostsee
und Ostland. Hrsg.von
Dr.Otto Grautoff. I
Die Baltischen Provinzen. Bd.
6 Bilder
aus baltischer Vergangenheit. Berlin:
F.Lehmann, S. 77-83. [general insight into Herder’s Riga period].
1978:
Walter Dietze. Johann
Gottried Herder: Weltbild, Menschbild, Wirkung.
Weimar: Ständige Kommision für Kultur bei der
Stadtverordnetenversammlung der Stadt Weimar. [Monograph on Herder's
Life and Activities, Second Edition, 1980]
1989:
Bultmann, Christoph. Herder als Schüler des Philologen Michaelis.
Zur Rigaer Erstfassung der »Archäologie« Bückeburger
Gespräche über Johann Gottfried Herder 1988: Älteste Urkunde des
Menschengeschlechts. Hrsg. v. Brigitte Poschmann. Rinteln,
S.
64-80. [the article looks at a particular aspect of Herder's views,
his concept of "archeology", the development of which began
in Riga, and the influence of Johann David Michaelis (1717-1791) on
Herder].
1990:
Menze, Ernest A. Königsberg and Riga: the genesis and significance
of Herder’s historical thought. Herder
today: contributions from the International Herder Conference, Nov.
5-8, 1987, Stanford, California / edited by Kurt Mueller-Vollmer.
BerliN; New York: W. de Gruyter,
S. 90-107. [Herder's ideas on the historical perspective in
Königsberg and Riga periods].
1991:
Johann Gottfried Herder. Selected
early works, 1764-1767: Addresses, essays and drafts; fragments on
recent German literature. Ed.
Ernest A.Menze, Karl Menges. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State
University [selection of Herder's articles, drafts, excerpts with
commentaries of Riga period].
1996:
Gisela von Busse. Herder
auf Reisen: drei Kapitel aus seinem Leben: seinen Briefen,
Tagebüchern, Schriften und nacherzählt. Hans-Busso
von Busse. [Monograph on Herder's travels, beginning with a sea
voyage to France from Riga].
1999:
Paul Mitzenheim. Herder und Riga. Europa
in der Frühen Neuzeit,
ed. Erich Donnert, Vol. 5. Weimar: Böhlau, S. 495-503.
2004:
Couturier, Daniel. Herder
à Nantes et à Angers en 1769. Longué:
Vieux Logis [includes Herder's sea voyage from Riga to Nantes in
1769].
2007:
Tadeusz Zubiński. Herder
w Rydze i inne szkice bałtyckie.
Toruń : Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek [Herderu Rīgā un Baltijas
skices].
2008: Singing
the nations: Herder`s legacy.
Ed.Dace Bula, Sigrid Rieuwerts. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher
Verlag.
2013: John Vivian. Herders “weltmännische
Bildung” in Riga 1764-1769. In: Triangulum 19
(2013), S. 87-118. [Riga period in Herder's Life as the time of
evolvement of "Citizen of the World"].
2014:
Guntis Šmidchens. Herder`s discovery of Baltic Songs. The
power of song: nonviolent national culture in the Baltic singing
revolution.
Seattle: University of Washington Press.
2016: Kaspar
Renner. Herder in Riga. 1764-1769: Quellen zur
Wirkungsgeschichte. Zeitschrift
für Germanistik 26
(2016), 118-133. [Herder's Riga period: source studies aspect].
2016:
Bellmann, Tina. Die
Interdependenz von Selbst- und Gotteserkenntnis: Herders Rigaer
Predigten. J.
G. HERDER: FROM COGNITION TO CULTURAL SCIENCE / VON DER ERKENNTNIS
ZUR KULTURWISSENSCHAFT. Contributions based on the 2014 Conference of
the International Herder Society at Purdue University, West
Lafayette, Indiana. Edited by Beate Allert. Heidelberg: Synchron, S.
49-62 [article
includes analysis of Herder's Riga sermons].
2017:
Raynal-Herder-Merkel. Transformationen
der Antikolonialismusdebatte in der europäischen Aufklärung. Hrsg.
von Zorl-Gothart Mix, Hinrich Ahrend in Zusammenarbeit mit Kristina
Kandler [Insights into the European Enlightenment Polemics Against
Colonialism among Rainal, Heder and Merkel].
2019:
Kaspar Renner. Herder und die gelehrte Öffentlichkeit in Riga. Eine
Relektüre der "Publikumsschrift" von
1756. Baltisch-deutsche
Kulturbeziehungen vom 16. bis 19. Jahrhundert: Medien, Institutionen,
Akteure. Bd, 2 Zwischen Aufklärung und Nationalem Erwachen.
Hrsg. von Raivis Bičevskis, Jost Eickmeyer, Andris Levans.
Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, S.217-235.